[Respiratory work and pattern with different proportional assist ventilation levels]. / Trabajo y patrón respiratorio con diferentes niveles de ventilación asistida proporcional.

OBJECTIVE: To study the minimum assistance level during proportional assist ventilation (PAV) to decrease the work of breathing to physiological limits (0.6 j/l) and the relationship between breathing pattern changes and respiratory effort at different PAV levels. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Polyvalent intensive care unit of a teaching hospital of Jaen, Spain. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twelve long-term mechanical ventilated patients who met criteria to initiate weaning from the ventilator. INTERVENTIONS: We used the Puritan-Bennett 840 ventilator in proportional assist ventilation. The percentage of support was randomly modified between 5% and 80%, in intervals of 10%. Prior to the change in the PAV level, the patients were ventilated in assist-volume control followed by pressure support ventilation. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Before PAV, we measured the respiratory mechanics and the breathing pattern and work of breathing during this mode. RESULTS: The decrease in respiratory assist in PAV was related to significantly higher work of breathing, this going from 0.2+/-0,07 (0.1-0.3) j/l with PAV80 to 0.9+/-0.2 (0.4-1.5) j/l with PAV5 (p=0.002). The coefficient correlation between PAV level and work of breathing (measured as j/l and j/min) was r=-0.8 and -0.6, respectively. Minimum PAV level related with physiological work of breathing was 30% (0.63+/-0.13 j/l). Except for the tidal volume that increased significantly (PAV80 vs PAV5=0.4+/-0.1 vs 0.3+/-0.1; p=0.02), the remaining variables defining the breathing pattern did not changed with the increase in PAV. CONCLUSIONS: In the group of patients studied, the increase in the PAV levels decreases work of breathing, without significantly changing the breathing pattern. Levels lower than 30% of PAV are associated to excessive work of breathing.

Trabajo y patrón respiratorio con diferentes niveles de ventilación asistida proporcional / Respiratory work and pattern with different proportional assist ventilation levels

Objetivo: Estudiar el grado mínimo de asistencia, en ventilación proporcional asistida (VPA), que disminuya el trabajo respiratorio a límites fisiológicos (0,6 j/l), y la relación entre los cambios en el patrón respiratorio y el esfuerzo que realiza el paciente a diferentes niveles de VPA. Diseño: estudio de cohortes prospectivo. Ámbito: Unidad de Medicina Intensiva polivalente del Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén. Pacientes y métodos: Se incluye a 12 pacientes que han precisado ventilación mecánica prolongada, y cumplen criterios para iniciar la retirada del respirador. Intervenciones: utilizamos el respirador Puritan-Bennett 840 en modo proporcional asistido. De forma aleatoria se modifica el porcentaje de asistencia entre el 5 y el 80%, en intervalos del 10%. Antes de cada modificación del nivel de VPA, el paciente recibe ventilación asistida controlada por volumen seguida de presión soporte. Principales variables de interés: medimos la mecánica respiratoria antes del inicio de VPA y, en este modo de ventilación asistida, el patrón respiratorio y el trabajo respiratorio. Resultados: El descenso en la asistencia respiratoria con VPA conlleva un aumento significativo del trabajo respiratorio, que va desde 0,2 ± 0,07 (0,1-0,3) j/l con VPA80 hasta 0,9 ± 0,2 (0,4-1,5) j/l con VPA5 (p = 0,002). El coeficiente de correlación entre el nivel de VPA y el trabajo respiratorio (medido en j/l y j/min) fue r = -0,8 y -0,6, respectivamente. El grado mínimo de asistencia en relación con un trabajo fisiológico fue del 30% (0,63 ± 0,13 j/l). Excepto el volumen corriente que aumentó de forma significativa (VPA80 de 0,4 ± 0,1; VPA5 de 0,3 ± 0,1; p = 0,02), los demás parámetros que definen el patrón respiratorio no cambiaron con el aumento de VPA. Conclusiones: En el grupo de pacientes estudiado, al aumentar la asistencia respiratoria con VPA disminuye el trabajo respiratorio, sin cambiar el patrón respiratorio de forma significativa. Valores menores del 30% de VPA conllevan un excesivo trabajo respiratorio (AU)

Objective: To study the minimum assistance level during proportional assist ventilation (PAV) to decrease the work of breathing to physiological limits (0.6 j/l) and the relationship between breathing pattern changes and respiratory effort at different PAV levels. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Polyvalent intensive care unit of a teaching hospital of Jaen, Spain. Patients and methods: Twelve long-term mechanical ventilated patients who met criteria to initiate weaning from the ventilator. Interventions: We used the Puritan-Bennett 840 ventilator in proportional assist ventilation. The percentage of support was randomly modified between 5% and 80%, in intervals of 10%. Prior to the change in the PAV level, the patients were ventilated in assist-volume control followed by pressure support ventilation. Main variables of interest: Before PAV, we measured the respiratory mechanics and the breathing pattern and work of breathing during this mode. Results: The decrease in respiratory assist in PAV was related to significantly higher work of breathing, this going from 0.2 ± 0,07 (0.1-0.3) j/l with PAV80 to 0.9 ± 0.2 (0.4-1.5) j/l with PAV5 (p = 0.002). The coefficient correlation between PAV level and work of breathing (measured as j/l and j/min) was r = -0.8 and -0.6, respectively. Minimum PAV level related with physiological work of breathing was 30% (0.63 ± 0.13 j/l). Except for the tidal volume that increased significantly (PAV80 vs PAV5 = 0.4 ± 0.1 vs 0.3 ± 0.1; p = 0.02), the remaining variables defining the breathing pattern did not changed with the increase in PAV. Conclusions: In the group of patients studied, the increase in the PAV levels decreases work of breathing, without significantly changing the breathing pattern. Levels lower than 30% of PAV are associated to excessive work of breathing (AU)